
It’s Independence Month in Nigeria and I was rehashing all the hype about Nigeria’s independence. While contemplating its National Anthem, a line kept echoing in my mind, “…the labours of our heroes past shall never be in vain”. I stopped to reflect on it and then it struck me. How come it is only the male heroes that are remembered? Were there no women involved in the struggle for independence? I then decided to take a closer look at the struggle for independence in three countries of the West African sub-region and find out what I could about the “Winnie Mandela’s” of the region.
In Nigeria, we often hear about Anthony Enahoro, Ahmadu Bello, Obafemi Awolowo, and Nnamdi Azikiwe and various national monuments exist in their memory. What happened to the likes of:
Funmilayo Ransome Kuti aka “The Lioness of Lisabi”. A teacher by profession, Funmilayo Ransome Kuti was a foremost political campaigner and women’s rights activist by conviction. She successfully campaigned against arbitrary taxes levied on Egba women that were remitted to the UK government through the then Alake of Egba land and continued to champion women’s rights in the years leading to Nigeria’s independence. She was one of the first Nigerian women to form a political party and one of the delegates who negotiated Nigeria’s independence from Britain.
Hajia Gambo Sawaba was born to a Ghanaian father and a Nupe mother. Orphaned early in life she was contracted in marriage at the tender age of 13 which propelled the thrust of her early agitations. By the age of 17, she was politically active, and under the mentorship of Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, she acted as an arrowhead for women’s rights and that of the girl child in Northern Nigeria. She was a member of NEPU (Northern Elements Progressive Union) which served as a vehicle to achieve her goals.
Margaret Ekpo was born in the Southeastern part of the country and her journey into politics was fortuitous. She represented her husband at political meetings since by virtue of his employment as a civil servant, he was stopped from doing. While attending the meetings, she developed an interest in politics and formed the Aba Township Women’s Association. She was later nominated by the NCNC (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons) party into the Regional House of Chiefs. She worked alongside Funmilayo Ransome Kuti and was later elected into the Eastern Region Parliament and served from 1961 to 1965.
In Ghana, the big 6, namely Kwame Nkrumah, William Ofori-Attah, J.B. Danquah, Ako Adjei, Obesetbi -Lamptey, and Edward Akufo Addo, also gained full recognition. However, they were ably supported and financed by some women who have remained in the shadows. These are the likes of:
Rebecca Naa Dedei Aryeetey aka “Dedei Ashikishan”, a renowned dealer in flour and leader of the Market Mother Association. She made immense financial contributions to the cause.
Agnes Oforiwa Tago-Quarcoopome, also a trader, used her connections to raise funds for the CPP (Convention People’s Party – Kwame Nkrumah’s party).
Mabel Dove Danquah, a journalist used her pen to galvanise the fight for independence through her column in the Times of West Africa newspaper. In 1954, she was the first female member of the Ghanaian Legislative Assembly.
Susanna Al-Hassan was the first female member of parliament. An author and politician, her fearless activism during the colonial era was instrumental to her elevation in politics.
In Sierra Leone, while the likes of the Margais (Milton and Albert), Siaka-Stevens, Isaac Wallace- Johnson, Lamina Sankoh, John Karefa-Smart, and E.H Taylor Cummings, are applauded, the contributions of Ella Koblo Gulama and Constance Cummings–John remain unsung.
Ella Koblo Gulama aka “Madam Ella” was a paramount Chief of Kaiyambo chiefdom in the Moyamba district. She ventured into politics and was elected the first female member of the House of Representatives and was later appointed the first woman cabinet minister.
Constance Cummings-John on her part was leader and founder of the Sierra Leone Women’s Movement and was later appointed Mayor of Freetown.
Some other notables are Bibi Titi Mohammed in Tanzania and Field Marshall Muthoni Kirima in Kenya.
It is noteworthy that the phenomenon of non-recognition of the efforts of women towards independence transcends the continent of Africa. However, it is time for us to unearth these gems who laboured for our nations and give them the due recognition they deserve.
Love
Havilah








